Child Care Studies & Reports

Virginia

Virginia Child Care Landscape

• Child Care Aware of Virginia Child Care Mapping Project
• Commonwealth of Virginia, Preschool Development Grant Birth B-5, Needs Assessment (2019)
• Commission on Early Childhood Care and Education, Annual Report (October 2024)
• Virginia’s Innovative Approach to Early Childhood System Building (July 2024)
• Virginia Early Childhood Care and Education Commission, Cost Modeling (Simon Workman, August 2024)
• Virginia Chamber of Commerce: Opinion: Providing reliable child care options will serve Virginia’s future, (By Barry Duval and Mike Petters, January 11, 2022)
• JLARC (Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission) Report: Virginia's Self-Sufficiency Programs and the Availability and Affordability of Child Care (2023)
• Virginia Commission on Early Childhood Care and Education Annual Report (October 2023)

Early Childhood Workforce

• Early Childhood Workforce Index 2024 (Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, 2024)
• Virginia Early Childhood Workforce Profile (Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, 2024)
• Turnover Rates Among Virginia’s Early Educators: New Evidence from 2023-2024 (UVA, Isabelle Fares, Daphna Bassok, & Hannah Denker, December 2024).
• Virginia Early Educator Movement Within & Out of Early Childhood Care & Education: Evidence from 2023-2024 (UVA, Isabelle Fares, Daphna Bassok, Molly Michie, & Hannah Denker, December 2024).
• The Effects of Financial Incentives on Teacher Turnover in Early Childhood Settings: Experimental Evidence from Virginia (UVA, Daphna Bassok, Justin B. Doromal, Molly Michie, & Vivian C. Wong, 2021)
• Staffing Challenges at Virginia Child Care Centers: Differences by Centers’ Subsidy Participation Status (UVA, May 2022)
• Spikes in Teacher Depression during the Pandemic: Evidence from Virginia Early Educators (UVA, 2021)
• The Effects of Financial Incentives on Teacher Turnover in Early Childhood Settings: Experimental Evidence from Virginia (UVA, 2021)
• Teacher Turnover in Child Care: Pre-Pandemic Evidence from Virginia, Virginia PDG B-5 Evaluation Report, (UVA, 2021)
• Child Care Staffing Challenges during the Pandemic: Lessons from Child Care Leaders in Virginia (UVA, 2021)
• COVID-19 Challenges Faced by the Virginia Child Care Profession, (Child Care Aware of Virginia, 2020)
• COVID-19 Challenges Faced by Virginia Child Care Centers, (Child Care Aware of Virginia, 2020)
• COVID-19 Challenges Faced by Virginia Family Child Care Home Providers, (Child Care Aware of Virginia, 2020)
• Voices from the Field, Challenges Faced by the Virginia Child Care & ECE Workforce, (Child Care Aware of Virginia, 2020)
• The Commonwealth’s Brain Builders: Virginia Early Childhood Workforce Survey (2017)

Virginia Preschool Initiative

• Where is Mixed Delivery Pre-K Available in Virginia? (Virginia Early Childhood Foundation)
• Mixed Delivery Evaluation Final Report Evaluation of Virginia’s Mixed Delivery Preschool Pilot Program (2019)

Child Care Background Checks:

• Virginia State Police: Noncriminal Justice Background Checks, Process Improvement Study. Report to the VA General Assembly (2018)
• FBI, Privacy Impact Assessment for Next Generation Identification (NGI) Rap Back Services (December 2016)
• State Participation in National Systems and Programs that Facilitate Interstate Exchange of Criminal History Records (2016)
• Final Report: VA Dept. of Social Services and State Police Task Force Report with Recommendations about Implementing Fingerprint Checks for Child Care Providers in Virginia (Nov. 2014)
• VA Dept. of Social Services Task Force Criminal History Background Checks Executive Summary (2014)
• Overview: Background Check Screening Databases
• Background Check Requirements under the federal Child Care and Development Block Grant
• U.S. Dept. of Justice 2010 Attorney General Report, Feasibility of Criminal History Record Checks

Reports Related to Sex Offenders in Child Care Programs:

• U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), Overview of Relevant Employment Laws and Cases of Sex Offenders at Child Care Facilities Report (2011)
• IL Audit Finds Sex Offenders in Child Care Programs (90 matches)
• KY Audit Finds Sex Offenders in Child Care Programs (30 matches)
• MA Audit Finds Sex Offenders in Child Care (119 matches)
• WA Audit Finds Sex Offenders in Child Care (28 matches)

National

Child Care Landscape

• Child Care in State Economies: 2024 Update (Committee for Economic Development of The Conference Board, 2024)
• Strategies for States to Improve Safety Net Program Access and Efficiency (Urban Institute, February 2022)
• Seven Ways States Can Make Child Care Subsidies More Accessible and Equitable (Urban Institute, February 2022)
• Using Child Care Subsidy Payment Rates and Practices to Incentivize Expansions in Supply (Urban Institute, September 2022)
• Toward Pay Equity: A Case Study of Washington DC’s Wage Boost for Early Childhood Educators (Urban Institute, June 2023)
• Means-Tested State Prekindergarten Programs Are More Segregated Than Universal Prekindergarten Programs (Urban Institute, June 2023)
• Assessing Child Care Subsidies through an Equity Lens: A Review of Policies and Practices in the Child Care and Development Fund (Urban Institute, 2021)

• State Snapshots of Potential Demand for and Policies to Support Nontraditional-Hour Child Care (Urban Institute, July 2021)
• Child Care Remains Central to an Equitable Recovery (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, February 17, 2022)
• Strategies for States to Improve Safety Net Program Access and Efficiency (Urban Institute, February 2022)
• Seven Ways States Can Make Child Care Subsidies More Accessible and Equitable (Urban Institute, February 2022)
• The Economic Role of Paid Child Care in the U.S. (The Committee for Economic Development (CED), February 2022)
• Start with Equity: Advancing Equity in Early Care and Education Systems with the American Rescue Plan Act (Children's Equity Project, June 2021)
• Child Care Gap Assessment (35 States, Bipartisan Policy Center, 2019)
• National Women's Law Center, Annual State Child Care Assistance Subsidy Report (2022)
• The Shifting Supply of Regulated Family Child Care in the U.S., A Literature Review and Conceptual Model (Erikson, 2021)
• Early Learning Facilities Policy Framework (Bipartisan Policy Center, November 2018)
• From the Ground Up: Improving Child Care and Early Learning Facilities (Bipartisan Policy Center, May 2019)
• Increasing Access to Quality Child Care for Four Priority Populations, Challenges and Opportunities with CCDBG Reauthorization (Urban Institute, 2018).
• Coordinated Efficiencies in Monitoring and Oversight of Early Care and Education Programs (HHS & USDA, 2016)

Early Childhood Workforce

• What We Know, Don't Know, and Should Know About the Child Care Workforce (Bipartisan Policy Center, April 30, 2024) State Profiles.
• Supporting Child Care Workers as Parents: How the Kentucky Subsidy Income Exclusion for Child Care Employees Helps Increase Access to Child Care (Buffett Early Childhood Institute, Bipartisan Policy Center, and U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, November 2024)
• Using Worker Flows to Assess the Stability of the ECE Workforce, 2010 - 2022 (Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank, 2024)
• Top-Down, Bottom-Up: Building a State Child Care Center Workforce (Bipartisan Policy Center, March 2024)
• Prevalence of Chronic Diseases, Depression, and Stress Among US Childcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Elharake JA, Shafiq M, Cobanoglu A, Malik AA, Klotz M, Humphries JE, Gilliam, W. et al, September 2022 - CDC web site)
• Early Childhood Workforce Index (Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, 2024)
• Professionalizing the Child Care Workforce:  Understanding the Low Rates of Credential Completion among Early Educators, (SEELA- Study of Early Education in Louisiana, June 2022)
• Center for the Study of Child Care Employment (2021). Database: ECE Workforce Compensation Tracker
• Professional Characteristics of the Early Care and Education Workforce: Descriptions by Race, Ethnicity, Languages Spoken, and Nativity Status (December 2020)
• Demographic Characteristics of the Early Care and Education Workforce: Comparisons with Child and Community Characteristics (December 2020)
• Center- and Program-Level Factors Associated with Turnover in the Early Childhood Education Workforce (Institute of Education Sciences, 2021)

Child Care Background Checks

• Noncriminal Justice Background Checks & the NICS
• Criminal History Records (background)
• Next Generation Identification Rap Back Services
• Interagency Task Force on Child Safety Report to Congress: Background Checks (HHS, 2022)
• Survey of State Criminal History Information Systems, 2018 (Released November 2020)
• CJIS Noncriminal Rap Back Service (FBI)
• Barriers and Solutions to Implementing CCDBG Act Interstate Background Check Requirements (OPRE, 2022)
• States’ Status of and Identified Barriers to Implementation of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 2014 Out-Of-State Background Check Requirements (OPRE, 2021)